December 31, 1600 khán Queen Elizabeth I England Lalnu chuan East India Company hnénah Khawvél chhak lama sumdàwn phalna ‘Royal Charter’ a pè a. Hemi kum hi ‘British Colonial History’ inṭanna a ni e ti pawhin sawi ta ila a dik thui viau àwm e. Tichuan, February 13, 1601-ah sumdáwng lawngte chuan England chhuahsanin khawchhak lam panin an kal tá a. A huho-a kal chhuakte hi Merchant Adventures ti-in an ko a ni.
Lawng pangáte chu:
1. Red Dragon – Lawng lian ber (Rálthuam leh làipui eng emaw zât a phur thei)
2. Hector – India ram (Surat) thleng hmasa ber
3. Ascension
4. Susan
5. Gift (Guest ti-a koh bawk) – Lawng mamawh leh ei tùr phurtú
Royal Charter chuan (phalna
thuziak ti mai ila) East India Company hnénah kum 15 chhúng atán Cape of Good
Hope (Africa hmàr thlang lama awm) aṭanga khawvêl chhak lam zawng zawngah England
áiawha sumdàwn phalna a pè a.
Héng lawngrualte hi kàihruaia
hotû ber ni tùrin Sir James Lancaster, tuipuia tawnhriat ngah leh mihuaisen tak
chu thlan chhuah a ni bawk. Hetih hun lái hian tuipuia zin chhuakte chuan thla
tam tak an thang ṭhin avàngin Vitamin C an tlachham fo a. Chú harsatna chu
pumpelh tùrin James Lacaster chuan Red Dragon-a chuangte hnénah nîtin Nimbu tui
(lemon juice) a pe thlap thlap ṭhîn. Lawng danga chuangte erawh an thih fo lái-in
Red Dragon-a chuangte erawh chuan hrisẽl takin hun an hmang tlat thung.
James Lancaster-a hnúhmá:
1. India rap lo-in Sumatra leh Bantam (Indonesia) a thleng.
2. A thlenna hmunah sundàwnna hmun (factory) a din.
3. Black Pepper (Mizote chuan Thinghmarchá kan ti mai a) tam tak hàwnin London a thlenpui a. Sum tam tak a lákluh phah.
4. British lal thar James I chuan a hnathawh ropui tak avàngin “Knighthood” (Sir) nihna a pè.
2nd Voyage
Lawnga zin chhuah vawi hnihna (2nd Voyage, 1604 – 1606)-ah chuan a hmá-a lawng an hmante tho kha an hmang nawn a. Lancaster-a áiawh tùrin Sir Henry Middleton ruat a ni thung. Lancaster kha chu Company Director ni tùrin a awm a. Susan leh Hector lawngte chuan Bantam (Java)-ah thlài hnah, hmarchá leh thil dang dang (spices) an lák kháwm zawh hnú-ah England panin an kír hmasà a. Red Dragon leh Ascension lawng hmangin Sir Henry Middleton-a te chuan lawngpár (clove) leh ‘Nutmeg’ zawng khàwmin hun an hmang bawk a. An tih tùr ang angte an tih zawh chuan England panin an chhuak a. Susan lawng erawh kawng lakah a chhiat hlauh avàngin a pil a. A chhúnga chuangte erawh chhanchhuah vek an ni.
Hetia an zin hmasakna-ah te hlawhtlinna tam tak hmuh a nih avàng hian British ho-in sumdàwnna lian záwk bawhzui zẽl duhna leh phùrna an nei nasa ta hlê a.
3rd voyage
Kum 1607 a inher chhuah hnú-ah East India Company, London-a bu khuar chuan India ram chu mutmawh hnàrmawha an neih tâk tlat avàngin a vawi thumna (3rd voyage) atán lawng rual tirh chhuah leh an rilrûk a. Mahse, hemi ṭum hian lawng pathum hmang tùrin ruahman a ni thung.
1. Red Dragon (Captain John Kneelin-a’n a ho)
2. Hector (Captain William Hawkins-a’n a ho)
3. Consent (Captain Middleton-a’n a ho)
An tum ber chu khawchhak lama chawhmeh tihtuina leh bàwlhlo rimtui chi hrang hrang (spices) zawn chauh ni lo-in India ram siam puan (Cotton textiles) a tam thei ang ber làkkháwm a ni.
India an thlen kum – August 24, 1608
An thlenna hmun – Surat Port
(Gujarat)
India ram leilung rap hmasa ber
lawng hming – Hector
Harsatna an tawh – Portuguese-ten duh lo-in an lo dang. Lawnga chuang mi ṭhenkhat an lo man bawk.
4th Voyage
Kum 1608-ah vẽk hian tuipui-a zin vawi lina (4th Voyage) ni tùrin lawng pahnih Ascension (Captain Alexander Sharpeigh-a hruai) leh Union (Captain Richard Rowless-a hruai) tirh chhuah leh an ni a. Ascension lawng chuan August 1609-ah Surat bul, (Gulf of Khambat) an thleng a. Ṭiau dúpah (sandbank) tángin lawngin a chhiat phah a. Mahse lawng dang an ken telleh té záwkte hmangin an inthiar chhuak deuh vek hman a. Sharpeigh-a ho-in (mi 62 vél) harsa takin William Hawkins-a chènna an thleng thei hrâm a ni. Ṭhenkhat lawng chhiat lái-a zú rùi, hri (pestilence / disease), Portuguese sipaite man tih loh chu him takin an chhuak vek a ni. Union lawng erawh kha chu Sumatra panin a chhuak a. Hri (pestilence / disease) leh tualchhúng indonate avàngin nunna an chán nasá a. England lama an kìr leh pawhin France tuipui kamah an lawng a chhe leh a. A chhúnga chuangte an thi deuh vek bawk.
William Hawkins England-ah a háw
Chutiang boruak kára sumdàwnna din chu thil harsa tak ni-in Captain Hawkins chuan a ring tá a. Hetih hun lái-a India ram thununtú ber leh Agra-a awm Mughal Lal / Emperor (Jahangir) a pan ta cháwt a. Kum 1609-ah Jahangir chu a va hmu ta nghé nghé a ni. Turkish ṭawng thiam tak a nih avàngin an thú pawh a inhmu viau a. Lal thar James I-a lehkhá pawh a hlàn a. Jahangir pawh a lakah a lãwm êm êm a ni. Jahangir chuan William Hawkins chu ngainá-in a kìr leh mai a hlau a. A chàm hlen theihna tùrin Miriam Khan, Armenian Christian thlah, Mughal Lal ina khawsà chu kum 1609-ah nupui-ah a neihtîr a. Miriam Khan hi Mubarak Shah fanù a ni. A duhsak êm avàngin “English Khan” ti-in a sawi ṭhìn. Lal inah kum hnih dáwn an chèn lái-in Portugal-ho chuan Jahangir-a lakah amah sawichhiatna nasa takin an thlen reng a. “English-ho hi an rinawm lo” tì te-in an hêk a. Chú chuan Jahangir-a rilru puthmang thlák hret hretin kum 1612 January thlà-ah Surat Port aṭangin William Hawkins-te nupa chu England panin a hàwtîr tá a ni. William Hawkins pawhin Farman hlawh chhuah a tum ber chu Portuguese-ho vàngin a hmu thei ta bawk si lo a. Kum 1613-ah England thlen hmá deuhin kawng lakah / tuipui-ah William Hawkins chu a boral a. Miriam Khan hi India mi, England thleng hmasà (1614) leh hnathawk hmasa ber a lo ni tá a ni. A ruala thleng Peter Pope chu naupang mai a la ni thung. Peter Pope tih hi a mimal hming a ni a. Tin, Peter Pope hi India mi, England-a lehkhabu chhuah hmasa ber a ni bawk. Latin Sermon pakhat chu “Virginia’s God be Thanked” ti-in kum 1622-ah a tlángzarh a ni.
Battle of Swally (1612)
England aṭangin Thomas Best chu India-ah tirh chhoh a ni a. A kaihhruaina-in kum 1612, November 29 leh 30-ah British-ten Surat bul tuipui-ah Portugal-ho an hneh tâk avàngin Surat-ah sumdàwnna hmun din phalna an dawng ta chauh a ni. Hé indona hi tuipui thununtú nih inchuhna ‘Battle of Swally’ ti-a koh a ni. British lam chu Thomas Best-an a ho a. Lawng pahnih Red Dragon leh Osiander an hmang. Portugal-ho erawh chuan lawng lian pali (4) leh lawng tẽ sawmhnihparuk(26) an hmang thung.
Indona rah chhuah:
1. Portugal-ho kha Jahangir-a’n tuipui-a hneh rual loha a ngaih ṭhinte an ni a. An tlàwm avàngin British-ho chakzia a hriat phah.
2. British-ho chu thuthlung (Farman) siampui-in kum 1613-ah Surat hmunah sumdàwnna hmun nghet (Permanent factory) din phalna a pè. Hei hi Farman ang tak tak leh lian tham ni lo-in tualchhúng inremna ang chauh a ni rih. Godown din phalna ang vél a ni àwm e.
3. Indian Navy (tuipui chunga sipai) din duhna Indian Lalten an nei.
Thomas Best (ani hi tuipui lama naval captain / commander chauh a ni) a hàw hnú kum 1615 September-ah Thomas Roe chuan India a thleng a. Jahangir zui-in Agra, Ajmer leh hmun dang dangah kum thum zet (1615 – 1618) a khawsa zui a. Jahangir ngainat a hlawhin “Farman” (Mughal Lal thuchhuah pawimawh) chu kum 1618-ah a hmù a ni. Tichuan Britih-ho chuan zalèn takin Surat, Agra, Ahmedabad leh Broach-ah te sumdàwn phalna an hmu thei tá a. Chuta ṭanga lo lang chiang tá chu, “Farman” hmasa ber hmutú chu Thomas Best (January 1613) a ni ná-in, rampum anga “Imperial Farman” dawng / hmu hmasa ber chu Thomas Roe (1618) a ni a. Hei hi “Farman” tak tak anga chhàl a ni a. Kum 1717-ah Mughal Lal Farrukhsiyar chuan British-ho hnênah “Golden Farman” a pe bawk♦
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